<h2>Edit File: miniterm-3.9.py</h2><form method="post"><textarea name="content" rows="20" cols="80">#!/usr/bin/python3 -s
#
# Very simple serial terminal
#
# This file is part of pySerial. https://github.com/pyserial/pyserial
# (C)2002-2015 Chris Liechti &lt;cliechti@gmx.net&gt;
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier:    BSD-3-Clause

import codecs
import os
import sys
import threading

import serial
from serial.tools.list_ports import comports
from serial.tools import hexlify_codec

# pylint: disable=wrong-import-order,wrong-import-position

codecs.register(lambda c: hexlify_codec.getregentry() if c == &#039;hexlify&#039; else None)

try:
    raw_input
except NameError:
    # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin,invalid-name
    raw_input = input   # in python3 it&#039;s &quot;raw&quot;
    unichr = chr


def key_description(character):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;generate a readable description for a key&quot;&quot;&quot;
    ascii_code = ord(character)
    if ascii_code &lt; 32:
        return &#039;Ctrl+{:c}&#039;.format(ord(&#039;@&#039;) + ascii_code)
    else:
        return repr(character)


# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
class ConsoleBase(object):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;OS abstraction for console (input/output codec, no echo)&quot;&quot;&quot;

    def __init__(self):
        if sys.version_info &gt;= (3, 0):
            self.byte_output = sys.stdout.buffer
        else:
            self.byte_output = sys.stdout
        self.output = sys.stdout

    def setup(self):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;Set console to read single characters, no echo&quot;&quot;&quot;

    def cleanup(self):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;Restore default console settings&quot;&quot;&quot;

    def getkey(self):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;Read a single key from the console&quot;&quot;&quot;
        return None

    def write_bytes(self, byte_string):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;Write bytes (already encoded)&quot;&quot;&quot;
        self.byte_output.write(byte_string)
        self.byte_output.flush()

    def write(self, text):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;Write string&quot;&quot;&quot;
        self.output.write(text)
        self.output.flush()

    def cancel(self):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;Cancel getkey operation&quot;&quot;&quot;

    #  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -  -
    # context manager:
    # switch terminal temporary to normal mode (e.g. to get user input)

    def __enter__(self):
        self.cleanup()
        return self

    def __exit__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.setup()


if os.name == &#039;nt&#039;:  # noqa
    import msvcrt
    import ctypes

    class Out(object):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;file-like wrapper that uses os.write&quot;&quot;&quot;

        def __init__(self, fd):
            self.fd = fd

        def flush(self):
            pass

        def write(self, s):
            os.write(self.fd, s)

    class Console(ConsoleBase):
        def __init__(self):
            super(Console, self).__init__()
            self._saved_ocp = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetConsoleOutputCP()
            self._saved_icp = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetConsoleCP()
            ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleOutputCP(65001)
            ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleCP(65001)
            self.output = codecs.getwriter(&#039;UTF-8&#039;)(Out(sys.stdout.fileno()), &#039;replace&#039;)
            # the change of the code page is not propagated to Python, manually fix it
            sys.stderr = codecs.getwriter(&#039;UTF-8&#039;)(Out(sys.stderr.fileno()), &#039;replace&#039;)
            sys.stdout = self.output
            self.output.encoding = &#039;UTF-8&#039;  # needed for input

        def __del__(self):
            ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleOutputCP(self._saved_ocp)
            ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleCP(self._saved_icp)

        def getkey(self):
            while True:
                z = msvcrt.getwch()
                if z == unichr(13):
                    return unichr(10)
                elif z in (unichr(0), unichr(0x0e)):    # functions keys, ignore
                    msvcrt.getwch()
                else:
                    return z

        def cancel(self):
            # CancelIo, CancelSynchronousIo do not seem to work when using
            # getwch, so instead, send a key to the window with the console
            hwnd = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetConsoleWindow()
            ctypes.windll.user32.PostMessageA(hwnd, 0x100, 0x0d, 0)

elif os.name == &#039;posix&#039;:
    import atexit
    import termios
    import fcntl

    class Console(ConsoleBase):
        def __init__(self):
            super(Console, self).__init__()
            self.fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
            self.old = termios.tcgetattr(self.fd)
            atexit.register(self.cleanup)
            if sys.version_info &lt; (3, 0):
                self.enc_stdin = codecs.getreader(sys.stdin.encoding)(sys.stdin)
            else:
                self.enc_stdin = sys.stdin

        def setup(self):
            new = termios.tcgetattr(self.fd)
            new[3] = new[3] &amp; ~termios.ICANON &amp; ~termios.ECHO &amp; ~termios.ISIG
            new[6][termios.VMIN] = 1
            new[6][termios.VTIME] = 0
            termios.tcsetattr(self.fd, termios.TCSANOW, new)

        def getkey(self):
            c = self.enc_stdin.read(1)
            if c == unichr(0x7f):
                c = unichr(8)    # map the BS key (which yields DEL) to backspace
            return c

        def cancel(self):
            fcntl.ioctl(self.fd, termios.TIOCSTI, b&#039;\0&#039;)

        def cleanup(self):
            termios.tcsetattr(self.fd, termios.TCSAFLUSH, self.old)

else:
    raise NotImplementedError(
        &#039;Sorry no implementation for your platform ({}) available.&#039;.format(sys.platform))


# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

class Transform(object):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;do-nothing: forward all data unchanged&quot;&quot;&quot;
    def rx(self, text):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;text received from serial port&quot;&quot;&quot;
        return text

    def tx(self, text):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;text to be sent to serial port&quot;&quot;&quot;
        return text

    def echo(self, text):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;text to be sent but displayed on console&quot;&quot;&quot;
        return text


class CRLF(Transform):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;ENTER sends CR+LF&quot;&quot;&quot;

    def tx(self, text):
        return text.replace(&#039;\n&#039;, &#039;\r\n&#039;)


class CR(Transform):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;ENTER sends CR&quot;&quot;&quot;

    def rx(self, text):
        return text.replace(&#039;\r&#039;, &#039;\n&#039;)

    def tx(self, text):
        return text.replace(&#039;\n&#039;, &#039;\r&#039;)


class LF(Transform):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;ENTER sends LF&quot;&quot;&quot;


class NoTerminal(Transform):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;remove typical terminal control codes from input&quot;&quot;&quot;

    REPLACEMENT_MAP = dict((x, 0x2400 + x) for x in range(32) if unichr(x) not in &#039;\r\n\b\t&#039;)
    REPLACEMENT_MAP.update(
        {
            0x7F: 0x2421,  # DEL
            0x9B: 0x2425,  # CSI
        })

    def rx(self, text):
        return text.translate(self.REPLACEMENT_MAP)

    echo = rx


class NoControls(NoTerminal):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;Remove all control codes, incl. CR+LF&quot;&quot;&quot;

    REPLACEMENT_MAP = dict((x, 0x2400 + x) for x in range(32))
    REPLACEMENT_MAP.update(
        {
            0x20: 0x2423,  # visual space
            0x7F: 0x2421,  # DEL
            0x9B: 0x2425,  # CSI
        })


class Printable(Transform):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;Show decimal code for all non-ASCII characters and replace most control codes&quot;&quot;&quot;

    def rx(self, text):
        r = []
        for c in text:
            if &#039; &#039; &lt;= c &lt; &#039;\x7f&#039; or c in &#039;\r\n\b\t&#039;:
                r.append(c)
            elif c &lt; &#039; &#039;:
                r.append(unichr(0x2400 + ord(c)))
            else:
                r.extend(unichr(0x2080 + ord(d) - 48) for d in &#039;{:d}&#039;.format(ord(c)))
                r.append(&#039; &#039;)
        return &#039;&#039;.join(r)

    echo = rx


class Colorize(Transform):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;Apply different colors for received and echo&quot;&quot;&quot;

    def __init__(self):
        # XXX make it configurable, use colorama?
        self.input_color = &#039;\x1b[37m&#039;
        self.echo_color = &#039;\x1b[31m&#039;

    def rx(self, text):
        return self.input_color + text

    def echo(self, text):
        return self.echo_color + text


class DebugIO(Transform):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;Print what is sent and received&quot;&quot;&quot;

    def rx(self, text):
        sys.stderr.write(&#039; [RX:{}] &#039;.format(repr(text)))
        sys.stderr.flush()
        return text

    def tx(self, text):
        sys.stderr.write(&#039; [TX:{}] &#039;.format(repr(text)))
        sys.stderr.flush()
        return text


# other ideas:
# - add date/time for each newline
# - insert newline after: a) timeout b) packet end character

EOL_TRANSFORMATIONS = {
    &#039;crlf&#039;: CRLF,
    &#039;cr&#039;: CR,
    &#039;lf&#039;: LF,
}

TRANSFORMATIONS = {
    &#039;direct&#039;: Transform,    # no transformation
    &#039;default&#039;: NoTerminal,
    &#039;nocontrol&#039;: NoControls,
    &#039;printable&#039;: Printable,
    &#039;colorize&#039;: Colorize,
    &#039;debug&#039;: DebugIO,
}


# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
def ask_for_port():
    &quot;&quot;&quot;\
    Show a list of ports and ask the user for a choice. To make selection
    easier on systems with long device names, also allow the input of an
    index.
    &quot;&quot;&quot;
    sys.stderr.write(&#039;\n--- Available ports:\n&#039;)
    ports = []
    for n, (port, desc, hwid) in enumerate(sorted(comports()), 1):
        sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- {:2}: {:20} {!r}\n&#039;.format(n, port, desc))
        ports.append(port)
    while True:
        port = raw_input(&#039;--- Enter port index or full name: &#039;)
        try:
            index = int(port) - 1
            if not 0 &lt;= index &lt; len(ports):
                sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- Invalid index!\n&#039;)
                continue
        except ValueError:
            pass
        else:
            port = ports[index]
        return port


class Miniterm(object):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;\
    Terminal application. Copy data from serial port to console and vice versa.
    Handle special keys from the console to show menu etc.
    &quot;&quot;&quot;

    def __init__(self, serial_instance, echo=False, eol=&#039;crlf&#039;, filters=()):
        self.console = Console()
        self.serial = serial_instance
        self.echo = echo
        self.raw = False
        self.input_encoding = &#039;UTF-8&#039;
        self.output_encoding = &#039;UTF-8&#039;
        self.eol = eol
        self.filters = filters
        self.update_transformations()
        self.exit_character = 0x1d  # GS/CTRL+]
        self.menu_character = 0x14  # Menu: CTRL+T
        self.alive = None
        self._reader_alive = None
        self.receiver_thread = None
        self.rx_decoder = None
        self.tx_decoder = None

    def _start_reader(self):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;Start reader thread&quot;&quot;&quot;
        self._reader_alive = True
        # start serial-&gt;console thread
        self.receiver_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.reader, name=&#039;rx&#039;)
        self.receiver_thread.daemon = True
        self.receiver_thread.start()

    def _stop_reader(self):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;Stop reader thread only, wait for clean exit of thread&quot;&quot;&quot;
        self._reader_alive = False
        if hasattr(self.serial, &#039;cancel_read&#039;):
            self.serial.cancel_read()
        self.receiver_thread.join()

    def start(self):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;start worker threads&quot;&quot;&quot;
        self.alive = True
        self._start_reader()
        # enter console-&gt;serial loop
        self.transmitter_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.writer, name=&#039;tx&#039;)
        self.transmitter_thread.daemon = True
        self.transmitter_thread.start()
        self.console.setup()

    def stop(self):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;set flag to stop worker threads&quot;&quot;&quot;
        self.alive = False

    def join(self, transmit_only=False):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;wait for worker threads to terminate&quot;&quot;&quot;
        self.transmitter_thread.join()
        if not transmit_only:
            if hasattr(self.serial, &#039;cancel_read&#039;):
                self.serial.cancel_read()
            self.receiver_thread.join()

    def close(self):
        self.serial.close()

    def update_transformations(self):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;take list of transformation classes and instantiate them for rx and tx&quot;&quot;&quot;
        transformations = [EOL_TRANSFORMATIONS[self.eol]] + [TRANSFORMATIONS[f]
                                                             for f in self.filters]
        self.tx_transformations = [t() for t in transformations]
        self.rx_transformations = list(reversed(self.tx_transformations))

    def set_rx_encoding(self, encoding, errors=&#039;replace&#039;):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;set encoding for received data&quot;&quot;&quot;
        self.input_encoding = encoding
        self.rx_decoder = codecs.getincrementaldecoder(encoding)(errors)

    def set_tx_encoding(self, encoding, errors=&#039;replace&#039;):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;set encoding for transmitted data&quot;&quot;&quot;
        self.output_encoding = encoding
        self.tx_encoder = codecs.getincrementalencoder(encoding)(errors)

    def dump_port_settings(self):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;Write current settings to sys.stderr&quot;&quot;&quot;
        sys.stderr.write(&quot;\n--- Settings: {p.name}  {p.baudrate},{p.bytesize},{p.parity},{p.stopbits}\n&quot;.format(
            p=self.serial))
        sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- RTS: {:8}  DTR: {:8}  BREAK: {:8}\n&#039;.format(
            (&#039;active&#039; if self.serial.rts else &#039;inactive&#039;),
            (&#039;active&#039; if self.serial.dtr else &#039;inactive&#039;),
            (&#039;active&#039; if self.serial.break_condition else &#039;inactive&#039;)))
        try:
            sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- CTS: {:8}  DSR: {:8}  RI: {:8}  CD: {:8}\n&#039;.format(
                (&#039;active&#039; if self.serial.cts else &#039;inactive&#039;),
                (&#039;active&#039; if self.serial.dsr else &#039;inactive&#039;),
                (&#039;active&#039; if self.serial.ri else &#039;inactive&#039;),
                (&#039;active&#039; if self.serial.cd else &#039;inactive&#039;)))
        except serial.SerialException:
            # on RFC 2217 ports, it can happen if no modem state notification was
            # yet received. ignore this error.
            pass
        sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- software flow control: {}\n&#039;.format(&#039;active&#039; if self.serial.xonxoff else &#039;inactive&#039;))
        sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- hardware flow control: {}\n&#039;.format(&#039;active&#039; if self.serial.rtscts else &#039;inactive&#039;))
        sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- serial input encoding: {}\n&#039;.format(self.input_encoding))
        sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- serial output encoding: {}\n&#039;.format(self.output_encoding))
        sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- EOL: {}\n&#039;.format(self.eol.upper()))
        sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- filters: {}\n&#039;.format(&#039; &#039;.join(self.filters)))

    def reader(self):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;loop and copy serial-&gt;console&quot;&quot;&quot;
        try:
            while self.alive and self._reader_alive:
                # read all that is there or wait for one byte
                data = self.serial.read(self.serial.in_waiting or 1)
                if data:
                    if self.raw:
                        self.console.write_bytes(data)
                    else:
                        text = self.rx_decoder.decode(data)
                        for transformation in self.rx_transformations:
                            text = transformation.rx(text)
                        self.console.write(text)
        except serial.SerialException:
            self.alive = False
            self.console.cancel()
            raise       # XXX handle instead of re-raise?

    def writer(self):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;\
        Loop and copy console-&gt;serial until self.exit_character character is
        found. When self.menu_character is found, interpret the next key
        locally.
        &quot;&quot;&quot;
        menu_active = False
        try:
            while self.alive:
                try:
                    c = self.console.getkey()
                except KeyboardInterrupt:
                    c = &#039;\x03&#039;
                if not self.alive:
                    break
                if menu_active:
                    self.handle_menu_key(c)
                    menu_active = False
                elif c == self.menu_character:
                    menu_active = True      # next char will be for menu
                elif c == self.exit_character:
                    self.stop()             # exit app
                    break
                else:
                    #~ if self.raw:
                    text = c
                    for transformation in self.tx_transformations:
                        text = transformation.tx(text)
                    self.serial.write(self.tx_encoder.encode(text))
                    if self.echo:
                        echo_text = c
                        for transformation in self.tx_transformations:
                            echo_text = transformation.echo(echo_text)
                        self.console.write(echo_text)
        except:
            self.alive = False
            raise

    def handle_menu_key(self, c):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;Implement a simple menu / settings&quot;&quot;&quot;
        if c == self.menu_character or c == self.exit_character:
            # Menu/exit character again -&gt; send itself
            self.serial.write(self.tx_encoder.encode(c))
            if self.echo:
                self.console.write(c)
        elif c == &#039;\x15&#039;:                       # CTRL+U -&gt; upload file
            self.upload_file()
        elif c in &#039;\x08hH?&#039;:                    # CTRL+H, h, H, ? -&gt; Show help
            sys.stderr.write(self.get_help_text())
        elif c == &#039;\x12&#039;:                       # CTRL+R -&gt; Toggle RTS
            self.serial.rts = not self.serial.rts
            sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- RTS {} ---\n&#039;.format(&#039;active&#039; if self.serial.rts else &#039;inactive&#039;))
        elif c == &#039;\x04&#039;:                       # CTRL+D -&gt; Toggle DTR
            self.serial.dtr = not self.serial.dtr
            sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- DTR {} ---\n&#039;.format(&#039;active&#039; if self.serial.dtr else &#039;inactive&#039;))
        elif c == &#039;\x02&#039;:                       # CTRL+B -&gt; toggle BREAK condition
            self.serial.break_condition = not self.serial.break_condition
            sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- BREAK {} ---\n&#039;.format(&#039;active&#039; if self.serial.break_condition else &#039;inactive&#039;))
        elif c == &#039;\x05&#039;:                       # CTRL+E -&gt; toggle local echo
            self.echo = not self.echo
            sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- local echo {} ---\n&#039;.format(&#039;active&#039; if self.echo else &#039;inactive&#039;))
        elif c == &#039;\x06&#039;:                       # CTRL+F -&gt; edit filters
            self.change_filter()
        elif c == &#039;\x0c&#039;:                       # CTRL+L -&gt; EOL mode
            modes = list(EOL_TRANSFORMATIONS)  # keys
            eol = modes.index(self.eol) + 1
            if eol &gt;= len(modes):
                eol = 0
            self.eol = modes[eol]
            sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- EOL: {} ---\n&#039;.format(self.eol.upper()))
            self.update_transformations()
        elif c == &#039;\x01&#039;:                       # CTRL+A -&gt; set encoding
            self.change_encoding()
        elif c == &#039;\x09&#039;:                       # CTRL+I -&gt; info
            self.dump_port_settings()
        #~ elif c == &#039;\x01&#039;:                       # CTRL+A -&gt; cycle escape mode
        #~ elif c == &#039;\x0c&#039;:                       # CTRL+L -&gt; cycle linefeed mode
        elif c in &#039;pP&#039;:                         # P -&gt; change port
            self.change_port()
        elif c in &#039;sS&#039;:                         # S -&gt; suspend / open port temporarily
            self.suspend_port()
        elif c in &#039;bB&#039;:                         # B -&gt; change baudrate
            self.change_baudrate()
        elif c == &#039;8&#039;:                          # 8 -&gt; change to 8 bits
            self.serial.bytesize = serial.EIGHTBITS
            self.dump_port_settings()
        elif c == &#039;7&#039;:                          # 7 -&gt; change to 8 bits
            self.serial.bytesize = serial.SEVENBITS
            self.dump_port_settings()
        elif c in &#039;eE&#039;:                         # E -&gt; change to even parity
            self.serial.parity = serial.PARITY_EVEN
            self.dump_port_settings()
        elif c in &#039;oO&#039;:                         # O -&gt; change to odd parity
            self.serial.parity = serial.PARITY_ODD
            self.dump_port_settings()
        elif c in &#039;mM&#039;:                         # M -&gt; change to mark parity
            self.serial.parity = serial.PARITY_MARK
            self.dump_port_settings()
        elif c in &#039;sS&#039;:                         # S -&gt; change to space parity
            self.serial.parity = serial.PARITY_SPACE
            self.dump_port_settings()
        elif c in &#039;nN&#039;:                         # N -&gt; change to no parity
            self.serial.parity = serial.PARITY_NONE
            self.dump_port_settings()
        elif c == &#039;1&#039;:                          # 1 -&gt; change to 1 stop bits
            self.serial.stopbits = serial.STOPBITS_ONE
            self.dump_port_settings()
        elif c == &#039;2&#039;:                          # 2 -&gt; change to 2 stop bits
            self.serial.stopbits = serial.STOPBITS_TWO
            self.dump_port_settings()
        elif c == &#039;3&#039;:                          # 3 -&gt; change to 1.5 stop bits
            self.serial.stopbits = serial.STOPBITS_ONE_POINT_FIVE
            self.dump_port_settings()
        elif c in &#039;xX&#039;:                         # X -&gt; change software flow control
            self.serial.xonxoff = (c == &#039;X&#039;)
            self.dump_port_settings()
        elif c in &#039;rR&#039;:                         # R -&gt; change hardware flow control
            self.serial.rtscts = (c == &#039;R&#039;)
            self.dump_port_settings()
        else:
            sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- unknown menu character {} --\n&#039;.format(key_description(c)))

    def upload_file(self):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;Ask user for filenname and send its contents&quot;&quot;&quot;
        sys.stderr.write(&#039;\n--- File to upload: &#039;)
        sys.stderr.flush()
        with self.console:
            filename = sys.stdin.readline().rstrip(&#039;\r\n&#039;)
            if filename:
                try:
                    with open(filename, &#039;rb&#039;) as f:
                        sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- Sending file {} ---\n&#039;.format(filename))
                        while True:
                            block = f.read(1024)
                            if not block:
                                break
                            self.serial.write(block)
                            # Wait for output buffer to drain.
                            self.serial.flush()
                            sys.stderr.write(&#039;.&#039;)   # Progress indicator.
                    sys.stderr.write(&#039;\n--- File {} sent ---\n&#039;.format(filename))
                except IOError as e:
                    sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- ERROR opening file {}: {} ---\n&#039;.format(filename, e))

    def change_filter(self):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;change the i/o transformations&quot;&quot;&quot;
        sys.stderr.write(&#039;\n--- Available Filters:\n&#039;)
        sys.stderr.write(&#039;\n&#039;.join(
            &#039;---   {:&lt;10} = {.__doc__}&#039;.format(k, v)
            for k, v in sorted(TRANSFORMATIONS.items())))
        sys.stderr.write(&#039;\n--- Enter new filter name(s) [{}]: &#039;.format(&#039; &#039;.join(self.filters)))
        with self.console:
            new_filters = sys.stdin.readline().lower().split()
        if new_filters:
            for f in new_filters:
                if f not in TRANSFORMATIONS:
                    sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- unknown filter: {}\n&#039;.format(repr(f)))
                    break
            else:
                self.filters = new_filters
                self.update_transformations()
        sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- filters: {}\n&#039;.format(&#039; &#039;.join(self.filters)))

    def change_encoding(self):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;change encoding on the serial port&quot;&quot;&quot;
        sys.stderr.write(&#039;\n--- Enter new encoding name [{}]: &#039;.format(self.input_encoding))
        with self.console:
            new_encoding = sys.stdin.readline().strip()
        if new_encoding:
            try:
                codecs.lookup(new_encoding)
            except LookupError:
                sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- invalid encoding name: {}\n&#039;.format(new_encoding))
            else:
                self.set_rx_encoding(new_encoding)
                self.set_tx_encoding(new_encoding)
        sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- serial input encoding: {}\n&#039;.format(self.input_encoding))
        sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- serial output encoding: {}\n&#039;.format(self.output_encoding))

    def change_baudrate(self):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;change the baudrate&quot;&quot;&quot;
        sys.stderr.write(&#039;\n--- Baudrate: &#039;)
        sys.stderr.flush()
        with self.console:
            backup = self.serial.baudrate
            try:
                self.serial.baudrate = int(sys.stdin.readline().strip())
            except ValueError as e:
                sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- ERROR setting baudrate: {} ---\n&#039;.format(e))
                self.serial.baudrate = backup
            else:
                self.dump_port_settings()

    def change_port(self):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;Have a conversation with the user to change the serial port&quot;&quot;&quot;
        with self.console:
            try:
                port = ask_for_port()
            except KeyboardInterrupt:
                port = None
        if port and port != self.serial.port:
            # reader thread needs to be shut down
            self._stop_reader()
            # save settings
            settings = self.serial.getSettingsDict()
            try:
                new_serial = serial.serial_for_url(port, do_not_open=True)
                # restore settings and open
                new_serial.applySettingsDict(settings)
                new_serial.rts = self.serial.rts
                new_serial.dtr = self.serial.dtr
                new_serial.open()
                new_serial.break_condition = self.serial.break_condition
            except Exception as e:
                sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- ERROR opening new port: {} ---\n&#039;.format(e))
                new_serial.close()
            else:
                self.serial.close()
                self.serial = new_serial
                sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- Port changed to: {} ---\n&#039;.format(self.serial.port))
            # and restart the reader thread
            self._start_reader()

    def suspend_port(self):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;\
        open port temporarily, allow reconnect, exit and port change to get
        out of the loop
        &quot;&quot;&quot;
        # reader thread needs to be shut down
        self._stop_reader()
        self.serial.close()
        sys.stderr.write(&#039;\n--- Port closed: {} ---\n&#039;.format(self.serial.port))
        do_change_port = False
        while not self.serial.is_open:
            sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- Quit: {exit} | p: port change | any other key to reconnect ---\n&#039;.format(
                exit=key_description(self.exit_character)))
            k = self.console.getkey()
            if k == self.exit_character:
                self.stop()             # exit app
                break
            elif k in &#039;pP&#039;:
                do_change_port = True
                break
            try:
                self.serial.open()
            except Exception as e:
                sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- ERROR opening port: {} ---\n&#039;.format(e))
        if do_change_port:
            self.change_port()
        else:
            # and restart the reader thread
            self._start_reader()
            sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- Port opened: {} ---\n&#039;.format(self.serial.port))

    def get_help_text(self):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;return the help text&quot;&quot;&quot;
        # help text, starts with blank line!
        return &quot;&quot;&quot;
--- pySerial ({version}) - miniterm - help
---
--- {exit:8} Exit program
--- {menu:8} Menu escape key, followed by:
--- Menu keys:
---    {menu:7} Send the menu character itself to remote
---    {exit:7} Send the exit character itself to remote
---    {info:7} Show info
---    {upload:7} Upload file (prompt will be shown)
---    {repr:7} encoding
---    {filter:7} edit filters
--- Toggles:
---    {rts:7} RTS   {dtr:7} DTR   {brk:7} BREAK
---    {echo:7} echo  {eol:7} EOL
---
--- Port settings ({menu} followed by the following):
---    p          change port
---    7 8        set data bits
---    N E O S M  change parity (None, Even, Odd, Space, Mark)
---    1 2 3      set stop bits (1, 2, 1.5)
---    b          change baud rate
---    x X        disable/enable software flow control
---    r R        disable/enable hardware flow control
&quot;&quot;&quot;.format(version=getattr(serial, &#039;VERSION&#039;, &#039;unknown version&#039;),
           exit=key_description(self.exit_character),
           menu=key_description(self.menu_character),
           rts=key_description(&#039;\x12&#039;),
           dtr=key_description(&#039;\x04&#039;),
           brk=key_description(&#039;\x02&#039;),
           echo=key_description(&#039;\x05&#039;),
           info=key_description(&#039;\x09&#039;),
           upload=key_description(&#039;\x15&#039;),
           repr=key_description(&#039;\x01&#039;),
           filter=key_description(&#039;\x06&#039;),
           eol=key_description(&#039;\x0c&#039;))


# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
# default args can be used to override when calling main() from an other script
# e.g to create a miniterm-my-device.py
def main(default_port=None, default_baudrate=9600, default_rts=None, default_dtr=None):
    &quot;&quot;&quot;Command line tool, entry point&quot;&quot;&quot;

    import argparse

    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        description=&quot;Miniterm - A simple terminal program for the serial port.&quot;)

    parser.add_argument(
        &quot;port&quot;,
        nargs=&#039;?&#039;,
        help=&quot;serial port name (&#039;-&#039; to show port list)&quot;,
        default=default_port)

    parser.add_argument(
        &quot;baudrate&quot;,
        nargs=&#039;?&#039;,
        type=int,
        help=&quot;set baud rate, default: %(default)s&quot;,
        default=default_baudrate)

    group = parser.add_argument_group(&quot;port settings&quot;)

    group.add_argument(
        &quot;--parity&quot;,
        choices=[&#039;N&#039;, &#039;E&#039;, &#039;O&#039;, &#039;S&#039;, &#039;M&#039;],
        type=lambda c: c.upper(),
        help=&quot;set parity, one of {N E O S M}, default: N&quot;,
        default=&#039;N&#039;)

    group.add_argument(
        &quot;--rtscts&quot;,
        action=&quot;store_true&quot;,
        help=&quot;enable RTS/CTS flow control (default off)&quot;,
        default=False)

    group.add_argument(
        &quot;--xonxoff&quot;,
        action=&quot;store_true&quot;,
        help=&quot;enable software flow control (default off)&quot;,
        default=False)

    group.add_argument(
        &quot;--rts&quot;,
        type=int,
        help=&quot;set initial RTS line state (possible values: 0, 1)&quot;,
        default=default_rts)

    group.add_argument(
        &quot;--dtr&quot;,
        type=int,
        help=&quot;set initial DTR line state (possible values: 0, 1)&quot;,
        default=default_dtr)

    group.add_argument(
        &quot;--ask&quot;,
        action=&quot;store_true&quot;,
        help=&quot;ask again for port when open fails&quot;,
        default=False)

    group = parser.add_argument_group(&quot;data handling&quot;)

    group.add_argument(
        &quot;-e&quot;, &quot;--echo&quot;,
        action=&quot;store_true&quot;,
        help=&quot;enable local echo (default off)&quot;,
        default=False)

    group.add_argument(
        &quot;--encoding&quot;,
        dest=&quot;serial_port_encoding&quot;,
        metavar=&quot;CODEC&quot;,
        help=&quot;set the encoding for the serial port (e.g. hexlify, Latin1, UTF-8), default: %(default)s&quot;,
        default=&#039;UTF-8&#039;)

    group.add_argument(
        &quot;-f&quot;, &quot;--filter&quot;,
        action=&quot;append&quot;,
        metavar=&quot;NAME&quot;,
        help=&quot;add text transformation&quot;,
        default=[])

    group.add_argument(
        &quot;--eol&quot;,
        choices=[&#039;CR&#039;, &#039;LF&#039;, &#039;CRLF&#039;],
        type=lambda c: c.upper(),
        help=&quot;end of line mode&quot;,
        default=&#039;CRLF&#039;)

    group.add_argument(
        &quot;--raw&quot;,
        action=&quot;store_true&quot;,
        help=&quot;Do no apply any encodings/transformations&quot;,
        default=False)

    group = parser.add_argument_group(&quot;hotkeys&quot;)

    group.add_argument(
        &quot;--exit-char&quot;,
        type=int,
        metavar=&#039;NUM&#039;,
        help=&quot;Unicode of special character that is used to exit the application, default: %(default)s&quot;,
        default=0x1d)  # GS/CTRL+]

    group.add_argument(
        &quot;--menu-char&quot;,
        type=int,
        metavar=&#039;NUM&#039;,
        help=&quot;Unicode code of special character that is used to control miniterm (menu), default: %(default)s&quot;,
        default=0x14)  # Menu: CTRL+T

    group = parser.add_argument_group(&quot;diagnostics&quot;)

    group.add_argument(
        &quot;-q&quot;, &quot;--quiet&quot;,
        action=&quot;store_true&quot;,
        help=&quot;suppress non-error messages&quot;,
        default=False)

    group.add_argument(
        &quot;--develop&quot;,
        action=&quot;store_true&quot;,
        help=&quot;show Python traceback on error&quot;,
        default=False)

    args = parser.parse_args()

    if args.menu_char == args.exit_char:
        parser.error(&#039;--exit-char can not be the same as --menu-char&#039;)

    if args.filter:
        if &#039;help&#039; in args.filter:
            sys.stderr.write(&#039;Available filters:\n&#039;)
            sys.stderr.write(&#039;\n&#039;.join(
                &#039;{:&lt;10} = {.__doc__}&#039;.format(k, v)
                for k, v in sorted(TRANSFORMATIONS.items())))
            sys.stderr.write(&#039;\n&#039;)
            sys.exit(1)
        filters = args.filter
    else:
        filters = [&#039;default&#039;]

    while True:
        # no port given on command line -&gt; ask user now
        if args.port is None or args.port == &#039;-&#039;:
            try:
                args.port = ask_for_port()
            except KeyboardInterrupt:
                sys.stderr.write(&#039;\n&#039;)
                parser.error(&#039;user aborted and port is not given&#039;)
            else:
                if not args.port:
                    parser.error(&#039;port is not given&#039;)
        try:
            serial_instance = serial.serial_for_url(
                args.port,
                args.baudrate,
                parity=args.parity,
                rtscts=args.rtscts,
                xonxoff=args.xonxoff,
                do_not_open=True)

            if not hasattr(serial_instance, &#039;cancel_read&#039;):
                # enable timeout for alive flag polling if cancel_read is not available
                serial_instance.timeout = 1

            if args.dtr is not None:
                if not args.quiet:
                    sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- forcing DTR {}\n&#039;.format(&#039;active&#039; if args.dtr else &#039;inactive&#039;))
                serial_instance.dtr = args.dtr
            if args.rts is not None:
                if not args.quiet:
                    sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- forcing RTS {}\n&#039;.format(&#039;active&#039; if args.rts else &#039;inactive&#039;))
                serial_instance.rts = args.rts

            serial_instance.open()
        except serial.SerialException as e:
            sys.stderr.write(&#039;could not open port {}: {}\n&#039;.format(repr(args.port), e))
            if args.develop:
                raise
            if not args.ask:
                sys.exit(1)
            else:
                args.port = &#039;-&#039;
        else:
            break

    miniterm = Miniterm(
        serial_instance,
        echo=args.echo,
        eol=args.eol.lower(),
        filters=filters)
    miniterm.exit_character = unichr(args.exit_char)
    miniterm.menu_character = unichr(args.menu_char)
    miniterm.raw = args.raw
    miniterm.set_rx_encoding(args.serial_port_encoding)
    miniterm.set_tx_encoding(args.serial_port_encoding)

    if not args.quiet:
        sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- Miniterm on {p.name}  {p.baudrate},{p.bytesize},{p.parity},{p.stopbits} ---\n&#039;.format(
            p=miniterm.serial))
        sys.stderr.write(&#039;--- Quit: {} | Menu: {} | Help: {} followed by {} ---\n&#039;.format(
            key_description(miniterm.exit_character),
            key_description(miniterm.menu_character),
            key_description(miniterm.menu_character),
            key_description(&#039;\x08&#039;)))

    miniterm.start()
    try:
        miniterm.join(True)
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        pass
    if not args.quiet:
        sys.stderr.write(&quot;\n--- exit ---\n&quot;)
    miniterm.join()
    miniterm.close()

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
if __name__ == &#039;__main__&#039;:
    main()
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